On this page I'll provide comprehensive data for Ruthenium. I hope you profit from it.
Ruthenium Overview
Name Origin
Latin: Ruthenia (Russia).
Symbol
Ru (Ruthenium)Description
Rare, extremely brittle, silver-gray metal.
Discovery
Discovered By: Karl Klaus
Year: 1844
Location: Russia
Sources
Found in pentlandite and pyroxinite.
Uses
Used to harden platinum and palladium. Aircraft magnetos use platinum alloy with 10% ruthenium.
State at 20 °C
Solid
Group
Group Name: Transition MetalÂ
Group in periodic table: 8b
Period in periodic table:Â 5
Atomic Number
44Learn more about the atomic number.
Atomic Mass
101,07
Learn more about the atomic mass.
Stable Isotopes
Ru96 percent abundance: 5.54% Ru98 percent abundance: 1.87% Ru99 percent abundance: 12.76% Ru100 percent abundance: 12.60% Ru101 percent abundance: 17.06% Ru102 percent abundance: 31.55% Ru104 percent abundance: 18.62%
Learn more about stable isotopes.
Radioactive Isotopes
Ru95, Ru97, Ru103, Ru105-106
Learn more about radioactive isotopes.
Atomic Structure
Crystalline Structure
Hexagonal
Learn more about crystalline structure
Shells
Electrons per energy level: 2,8,18,15,1
Learn more about electron shells
Electron Configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4 s2 3 d10 4 p6 5 s1 4 d7
Learn more about electron configuration.
Abbreviated Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Learn more about abbreviated electron configuration.
Valence Electrons
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
Learn more about valence electrons
Atom Size
Atomic Radius
1.89 Ã…
Learn more about atomic radius.
Covalent Radius
1.25 Ã…
Learn more about covalent radius.
Ionic Radius
.62 (+4) Ã…
Learn more about ionic radius.
Molar Volume
08.3 cm³/mol
Learn more about molar volume.
Chemical Properties
Common Oxidation States
First Ionization Energy
First Ionization Potential
Second Ionization Potential
Third Ionization Potential
Physical Properties
Density
Electrical Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity
Elastic Modulus
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Learn more about coefficient of thermal expansion.
Heat Properties
Other heat related physical properties:
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Specific Heat
0.238 J/gK
Learn more about specific heat.
Learn more about specific heat.
Heat of Fusion
24.0 kJ/mol
Learn more about heat of fusion.
Heat of Vaporization
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Along with basic element information, it also comes with color coded info about: State (Gas, Liquid or Solid at room temperature), Groups/series details and much more...
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