Foreword
Electron affinity is the amount of energy liberated when an electron is added to a neutral atom to form a negatively charged ion.
The electron affinities of atoms are difficult to measure, hence values are available for only a few chemical elements, chiefly the halogens.
According to wikipedia…
The electron affinity (E ea) of an atom or molecule is defined as the amount of energy released when an electron is attached to a neutral atom or molecule in the gaseous state to form a negative ion.
Table of contents
I wiil talk about the following topics:
- What is electron affinity (definition)
- What does electron affinity mean
- What does electron affinity measure
- How is electron affinity different from electronegativity
- Electron affinity vs ionization energy
- How does electron affinity vary in the periodic table
- Electron affinity trend exceptions
- How to determine electron affinity
- Electron affinity equation
- How to measure electron affinity
- How does electron affinity change across a period
- How to find electron affinity of an element
- Which has highest electron affinity
What is Electron Affinity (Definition)
Amount of change in energy when an electron in a gaseous state is applied to a neutral atom.
1 : the degree to which an atom or molecule attracts additional electrons.
2 : the minimum energy required to remove an electron from a negative ion to produce a neutral atom or molecule.
What does Electron Affinity Mean
Electron Affinity was a concept that was discovered of 1901 in view of the discovery of electron negativity by Linus Carl Pauling.
Electron Affinity is the amount of change in energy when an electron in a gaseous state is applied to a neutral atom.
How is electron affinity different from electronegativity
Electronegativity refers to the ability of the atoms to attract the electrons from the other elements.
Electron affinity refers to the amount of energy that is liberated whenever a molecule or a neutral atom tends to acquire an electron from the other elements.
Electron affinity vs ionization energy
Electron affinity gives the amount of energy released when an atom gains an electron.
The main difference between electron affinity and ionization energy is that electron affinity gives the amount of energy released when an atom gains an electron whereas ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
How does Electron Affinity Vary In The Periodic Table
Electron affinity generally increases across a period in the periodic table and sometimes decreases down a group.
The chemical rationale for changes in electron affinity across the periodic table is the increased effective nuclear charge across a period and up a group.
Electron affinity trend exceptions
There are, however, two major exceptions to this trend: The electron affinities of elements B through F in the second row of the periodic table are less negative than those of the elements immediately below them in the third row.
Fluorine, therefore, has a lower affinity for an added electron than does chlorine.
How to Determine Electron Affinity
Electron affinity can be measured by the amount of energy released when an electron is added to an atom to form a negative ion.
Electron affinity equation
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How to Measure Electron Affinity
By adding the energy gap and the ionization energy
The electron affinity is calculated by adding the energy gap and the ionization energy.
However, the energy gap determined by PAS is often smaller than the actual energy gap by 0.
2–1 eV, and difference is interpreted as the exciton binding energy "11, 12".
Thus, the electron affinity is overestimated by PAS.
How does Electron Affinity Change Across A Period
Electron affinity increases upward for the groups and from left to right across periods of a periodic table because the electrons added to energy levels become closer to the nucleus, thus a stronger attraction between the nucleus and its electrons.
Which Has Highest Electron Affinity
Chlorine
Video: Electron Affinity Trend, Basic...
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