Introduction
Measure of the size of an atom that forms part of one covalent bond.
The covalent radius, rcov, is a measure of the size of an atom that forms part of one covalent bond.
It is usually measured either in picometres (pm) or angstroms (Å), with 1 Å = 100 pm.
According to wikipedia…
In principle, the sum of the two covalent radii should equal the covalent bond length between two atoms, R(AB) = r(A) + r(B). Moreover, different radii can be introduced for single, double and triple bonds.
Table of contents
These are the topics I will cover next:
- Covalent radius definition
- Covalent radius trend
- How to find covalent radius
- Covalent radius formula
- How to calculate covalent radius
- Covalent radius vs ionic radius
Covalent radius definition
One half of the covalent bond distance of a molecule where the atoms concerned are participating in single bonding.
Covalent radius trend
The greater attraction between the increased number of protons (increased nuclear charge) and electrons, pulls the electrons closer together, hence the smaller size.
As you move down a group in the periodic table, the covalent radius increases.
Atoms increase in size.
This is because of the screening effect of the filled inner electron levels.
Covalent radius formula
Rcov = dcb/2 or covalent_radius = Distance between covalent atoms/2.
The Covalent radius formula is defined as a measure of the size of an atom that forms part of one covalent bond and is represented as rcov = dcb/2 or covalent_radius = Distance between covalent atoms/2.
Distance between covalent atoms is the distance between the centers of the nuclei of the two covalently bonded atoms of an element.
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