Preface
The ionic radius is the distance between the nucleus and the electron in the outermost shell of an ion.
According to wikipedia…
Ionic radius, r ion, is the radius of a monatomic ion in an ionic crystal structure. Although neither atoms nor ions have sharp boundaries, they are treated as if they were hard spheres with radii such that the sum of ionic radii of the cation and anion gives the distance between the ions in a crystal lattice. Ionic radii are typically given in units of either picometers (pm) or angstroms (Å)...
Table of contents
These are the topics I will cover next:
- Ionic radius definition
- What does ionic radius mean
- How to find ionic radius of an element
- Ionic radius vs atomic radius
- Ionic radius trend in the periodic table
- How to determine ionic radius
- Ionic radius formula
- How to rank ionic radius
- How to measure ionic radius
- Which element has highest ionic radius
Ionic radius definition
The ionic radius (plural: ionic radii) is the measure of an atom's ion in a crystal lattice.
It is half the distance between two ions that are barely touching each other.
What does Ionic Radius Mean
The ionic radius is the distance between the nucleus and the electron in the outermost shell of an ion.
When an electron is added to an atom, forming an anion, the added electron repels other electrons, resulting in an increase in the size of the atom.
How to Find Ionic Radius Of An Element
X-ray crystallography.
The ions of the same chemical element can be found in different sizes according to their electrical charges.
The most common method to find the ionic radius is the X-ray crystallography.
Ionic radius vs atomic radius
Atomic radius is the radius of a neutral atom whereas ionic radius is the radius of an electrically charged atom.
The ionic radius is the the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electrons in a ion.
While the atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus to the normal valance electrons.
Ionic radius trend in the periodic table
The ionic radius of the elements exhibits trends in the periodic table.
In general: Ionic radius increases as you move from top to bottom on the periodic table.
Ionic radius decreases as you move across the periodic table, from left to right.
Ionic radius formula
R = sqrt(z/P)
It is calculated from the internuclear distance between a cation and a neighboring anion in a lattice.
Ionic radii are typically reported in picometers (pm, 1 × 10−12 m) or in the older literature as Angstroms (Å), where 1 Å = 100 pm.
How to Rank Ionic Radius
Radii increase for ions
First locate each of the elements on the periodic table.
Then, keeping in mind that ionic radii increase for ions with the same charge going down a row, sort the ions in order of increasing radii.
How to Measure Ionic Radius
The radius of an atom can only be found by measuring the distance between the nuclei of two touching atoms, and then halving that distance.
This is what you would get if you had metal atoms in a metallic structure, or atoms covalently bonded to each other.
Which Element Has Highest Ionic Radius
Francium
The atomic radius increases from top to bottom in a group, and decreases from left to right across a period.
Thus, helium is the smallest element, and francium is the largest.
Video: Ionic Radius Trends, Basic...
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Citation
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