About Valence Electrons
Number of electrons an atom must lose or gain to attain the nearest noble gas or inert gas electronic configuration.
According to wikipedia…
In chemistry and physics, a valence electron is an electron in the outer shell associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed; in a single covalent bond, both atoms in the bond contribute one valence electron in order to form a shared pair. The presence of valence electrons can determine the element's chemical properties, such...
Table of contents
I would like to analyse the following topics:
- Valence electrons definition
- Why are valence electrons important
- How to determine valence electrons
- What do valence electrons determine about an element
- Valence electrons lewis structure
- How to find the valence electrons of an element
- How to count valence electrons in electron configuration
Valence electrons definition
Electrons residing in the electronic shell of highest principal quantum number n.
For a main-group element, the valence electrons are defined as those electrons residing in the electronic shell of highest principal quantum number n.
Thus, the number of valence electrons that it may have depends on the electron configuration in a simple way.
Why are valence electrons important
These electrons are important as they govern that atom's electronegativity, electron affinity, and ionization energy, which leads to things such as covalent and ionic bonds.
How to Determine Valence Electrons
Period table.
To find valence electrons using a period table, first see if your atom is a transitional metal, which are the elements in the middle rectangle of the table.
If the atom is outside this block, locate its group number along the top of the table.
For neutral atoms, the number of valence electrons is equal to the atom's main group number.
The main group number for an element can be found from its column on the periodic table.
What do Valence Electrons Determine About An Element
Formation of bonds with other elements and the chemical properties of an element
The valence electrons are part of most of the chemical reactions because they contain more energy compared to the electrons present in inner orbits.
Meanwhile, the number of valence electrons present also helps us determine a specific element’s chemical properties, such as its valence or valency, the formation of bonds with other elements.
Valence electrons lewis structure
Outermost shell of electrons.
The Lewis Dot Structure is a visual which represents the outermost shell of electrons, also known as valence electrons, and possible covalent bonds within an atom or molecule.
These valence electrons are negatively charged and are attracted to the positively charged nucleus, made up of neutrons and protons.
How to Find The Valence Electrons Of An Element
Checking out the elements’ place in the periodic table.
For neutral atoms, the number of valence electrons is equal to the atom's main group number.
The main group number for an element can be found from its column on the periodic table.
For example, carbon is in group 4 and has 4 valence electrons.
Oxygen is in group 6 and has 6 valence electrons.
How to Count Valence Electrons In Electron Configuration
Valence electrons are important because they determine how an atom will react.
To solve without a periodic table, find the electron configuration of the element and count the electrons into 1 group of 2, and then into shells of 8.
The ones digit in the group number is the number of valence electrons.
Video: Valence Electrons and the Periodic...
Youtube has a related video on this topic: “Valence Electrons and the Periodic...”
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