Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

Coefficient of thermal expansion is a material property that measures the extent to which a material expands upon heating.

Different substances expand by different amounts.

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The coefficient of thermal expansion describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature.

Specifically, it measures the fractional change in size per degree change in temperature at a constant pressure, such that lower coefficients describe lower propensity for change in size.

According to wikipedia…

Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change its shape, area, volume, and density in response to a change in temperature, usually not including phase transitions. Temperature is a monotonic function of the average molecular kinetic energy of a substance. When a substance is heated, molecules begin to vibrate and move more, usually creating more distance between themselves.

Table of contents

I wiil talk about the following topics:

  • What is the coefficient of thermal expansion
  • What is the application of a coefficient of thermal expansion
  • How to measure the coefficient of thermal expansion
  • How is the thermal coefficient of linear expansion determined experimentally
  • How to calculate the coefficient of thermal expansion
  • Coefficient of thermal expansion equation
  • Coefficient of thermal expansion units
  • Coefficient of thermal expansion unit conversion


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What is the Application Of A Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion

Determine the rate at which a material expands as a function of temperature.

The coefficient of thermal expansion is used to determine the rate at which a material expands as a function of temperature.

CTE is used for design purposes to determine if failure by thermal stress may occur.

Understanding the relative expansion/contraction characteristics of materials is important for application success.

How to Measure The Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion

To determine the thermal expansion coefficient, two physical quantities (displacement and temperature) must be measured on a sample that is undergoing a thermal cycle.

Three of the main techniques used for CTE measurement are dilatometry, interferometry, and thermomechanical analysis.

How to Calculate The Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion

ΔL = αLΔT

The dependence of thermal expansion on temperature, substance, and length is summarized in the equation ΔL = αLΔT,where ΔL is the change in length L, ΔT is the change in temperature, and α is the coefficient of linear expansion, which varies slightly with temperature.

Video: Linear Expansion of Solids, Volume...

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Over small temperature ranges, thermal expansion is usually proportional to temperature change.

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Materials: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
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